The sequence for BLS for an Adult or Child who is unresponsive and pulseless. | C-A-B (Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing) |
A pulse check during the BLS survey should be performed for this length of time. | 5 to 10 seconds |
A likely indicator of a cardiac arrest in the unresponsive patient. | Agonal gasps |
After discovering an unresponsive patient, what is the next step in the assessment and management of this patient? | Check the patient’s breathing and pulse |
Compressions rate in an arrest. | 100/min to 120/min |
The ratio of compressions to breaths for the Adult, Child and 1 rescuer infant arrest. | 30 compressions to 2 breaths |
The ratio of compressions to breaths for Infant 2-rescuer arrest. | 15 compressions to 1 breath |
What you should do if the patient is unconscious and apneic and you are uncertain rather or not a patient has a pulse | Begin compressions |
To properly ventilate a patient with a perfusing rhythm, what is the rate to squeeze the bag (BVM) | Once every 5 to 6 seconds |
The potential complication of excessive ventilations. | Decreased cardiac output |
Where to measure to appropriately size an oropharyngeal airway. | Measure from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the mandible |
When an advanced airway is in place, how should compressions be delivered? | Continuous chest compressions without pauses |
In the intubated patient, the technique to assess the quality of CPR. | Monitor the patient’s PETCO2 |
Your next action if after 2 minutes of CPR an organized, nonshockable rhythm is identified. | Check a carotid pulse |
The recommendation for chest compression depth for an Adult and CHILD. | At least 2 inches (5 cm) but not more than 2.4 inches |
Components of High-Quality CPR | • Compress the chest hard and fast • Allow complete recoil after each compression • Chest compressions should be interrupted 10 seconds or less • Switching providers every 2 minutes or every 5 compression (if unable to determine exact time) cycles improves the quality of chest compressions • Continue CPR while the defibrillator charges |
The AHA position on routine use of cricoid pressure in cardiac arrest. | The guidelines do not recommend routine use of cricoid pressure in cardiac arrest. |
The definitive treatment for ventricular fibrillation | Prompt defibrillation |
The recommended next step after a defibrillation attempt | Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions |
One measure to minimize interruptions in chest compressions | Continue CPR while charging the defibrillator |
Action to take if during the use of an AED you are not directed to check the rhythm | Continue CPR (starting with chest compressions) then check the equipment. |
Measures to provide electrical safety during cardioversion or defibrillation. | • Being sure oxygen is not blowing over the patient’s chest during the shock • Verbally and visually "clear" the field • Charge defibrillator when paddles are in place on the chest • Consider hands free pads |
An advantage of hands-free pads verses defibrillator paddles | Hands-free pads allows for more rapid defibrillation |
Physiology of how CPR is a survival advantage | Supplying a small amount of blood flow to the heart and reducing ischemia |
Problem and management of using of an AED with a hairy chest | If skin contact is not made AED pads the machine will not be able to analyze; remove the hair. |
Problem and management of using of an AED when the patient is partially submerged in water | Remove the patient from the water and dry off |
Problem and management of using of an AED when patient is lying on snow or ice | Use the AED |
If a patient has an implantable device such as a pacemaker/AICD that is not functioning the location you should place the universal pads | Place the AED pads on either side not directly on top of an implantable device |
Special consideration where to locate AED pads if a patient has a medication patch who requires defibrillation | Do not place AED directly over a medication patch |
The recommended initial biphasic energy dose for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation | 120 to 200 Joules |
The recommended initial monophasic energy dose for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation | 200 Joules |
Initial energy recommendation for an adult in unstable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia or SVT | Synchronized cardioversion initial energy of 100 Joules (or biphasic equivalent) |
If rhythm is unresponsive to the initial cardioversion attempt, the energy recommendation for next attempt for an adult in unstable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia or SVT | Increase the dose in a stepwise fashion for monophasic 200 joules, 300 joules, then 360 joules (or biphasic equivalent) |
Management for a patient who is rapidly deteriorating in SVT or monomorphic V-Tach with a pulse (even if profoundly hypotensive) | Immediately synchronized cardioversion starting at 100 joules (or biphasic equivalent) |
If equipment is available, the management of a witnessed arrest of V-Fib or pulseless V-Tach | Immediately defibrillation at 360 joules or biphasic equivalent |
In addition to the clinical assessment, ________________ is the most reliable method of confirming and monitoring correct placement of an endotracheal tube. | Continuous Waveform Capnography |
High quality chest compressions are achieved when the PETCO2 value reaches | At least, 10-20 mmHg |
The indication of a PETCO2 level < 10 mmHg | Potential poor perfusion from ineffective CPR |
PETCO2 target range for the patient with return of spontaneous circulation | 35-40 mmHg |
Algorithm indicated for the tachycardic patient with a pulse | ACLS Tachycardia Algorithm |
If a patient has respiratory failure but is perfusing and gradually becomes bradycardic, the management and treatment focus | Treat the respiratory cause of the bradycardia by airway maneuvers and assisting ventilation |
The rationale for defibrillation of pulseless ventricular tachycardia | Pulseless ventricular tachycardia is treated like ventricular fibrillation because both are non-perfusing shockable rhythms |
The initial priority for an unconscious patient with a tachycardia | Determine rather or not a pulse is present |
Signs and symptoms of decreased perfusion | • Hypotension • Chest pain • Change in Level of Consciousness • New or worsening heart failure |
Management of a patient is in a bradycardic rhythm (even 3rd degree AV Block) who is asymptomatic with stable vital signs | • Conduct a problem-focused history and physical exam • Consider having a transcutaneous pacemaker on stand-by |
The first medications to be given in any cardiac arrest | Oxygen and epinephrine |
The next recommended medication after epinephrine is administered for refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia | Amiodarone 300 mg |
Medication that is NO longer used in the management of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or asystole | Atropine |
Indications for Adenosine | Initial diagnosis and treatment of stable, undifferentiated regular, monomorphic wide complex tachycardia (ventricular tachycardia) and SVT |
Dosing of Adenosine | Adenosine is 6 mg IVP rapidly followed by 12 mg IVP rapidly |
Dosing range for Dopamine | 2 to 20 mcg/Kg/min |
The treatment priority for patients who achieve return to spontaneous circulation | Optimize ventilation and oxygenation |
SBP goal is to achieve by using fluid administration or vasoactive agents. | At least 90 mmHg, |
Initial management of hypotension with return to spontaneous circulation | 1 to 2 liters of NS or LR |
The recommended dose of an Epinephrine infusion, for management of hypotension with return to spontaneous circulation | 0.1 to 0.5 mcg/Kg/min |
An important intervention to manage an out-of-hospital resuscitation that achieves return to spontaneous circulation | Transport to a facility capable of coronary reperfusion (performing a PCI) |
Danger if you routinely administer high concentration of oxygen in the post arrest management of patients | Oxygen toxicity |
The cardiopulmonary and neurologic support during the post arrest | Therapeutic hypothermia and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), |
Therapeutic hypothermia should be considered in these populations of adult patients who achieves return to spontaneous circulation | Patients who remain comatose after the arrest defined as the lack ability to follow commands without contraindications to inducing hypothermia |
Contraindications to inducing hypothermia | • Patients responding to verbal commands • Patients with potential to bleed or recent bleeding • Hemorrhagic stroke • Arrest due to trauma |
Target temperature goal and duration when inducing therapeutic hypothermia who achieves return to spontaneous circulation after an arrest | 32 Degrees C to 36 Degrees C for a recommended duration of at least 24 hours. |
Once the patient with chest discomfort is assessed as being stable, the most important assessment or next step | Obtain a 12-Lead ECG |
The recommended goal from door-to-balloon inflation time for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) | 90 minutes. |
Management of a patient who is hemodynamically stable without chest pain in a tachycardic rhythm | 12-lead done before another procedure to different the cause of the tachycardia (AMI). |
The recommended dose of aspirin for a patient with chest pain | 160 to 325 mg. |
Target goal for oxyhemoglobin saturations in patients with acute coronary syndromes and/or stroke | Greater than or equal to 94% |
The next step once the primary survey is performed on a potential stroke victim | Perform the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale assessment |
According to the Adult Suspected Stroke Algorithm a critical action that should be performed by the EMS team to expedite the patient’s care on arrival and reduce time to treatment | Alert the hospital |
Recommended time for a noncontrast CT scan of the head should be performed once a potential stroke victim arrives at the hospital | Within 25 minutes |
Meaning of F.A.S.T. Acronym in a potential stroke victim | • Facial Droop • Arm Drift • Speech ineffective • Time of onset of symptoms |
Action if a radio report is received in the pre-hospital setting that the CT scanner is inoperable and you are transporting a potential stroke patient | Diverted to a hospital that has CT capabilities |
One of the first intervention in the ED, once a CT scan is obtained, for a stroke victim | Start fibrinolytic therapy as soon as possible as long as • CT is normal without signs of hemorrhage • The patient has arrived within the 3 to 4 ½ hours from the onset of symptoms • No assessed contraindications are present |
Target range for Blood pressure prior to administering thrombolytics in a stroke victim | SBP less than 185 mmHg DBP less than 110 mmHg |
Right ventricular infarcts are most often associated with __________ myocardial infarctions | Inferior MI (Leads II, III, AVF) |
Considerations if right ventricular infarct suspected | • Obtain right-sided ECG • Nitrates and morphine may be contraindicated • Patient may require IV fluids for hypotension |
Caveat to obtain vascular access, drug delivery, or advanced airway placement | Should NOT interrupt CPR |
The location and leads used by Bob Page’s mnemonic "I See All Leads" to describe location of infarcts | • I = Inferior ( Leads II, III, AVF) • See = Septal (V1 and V2) • All = Anterior left ventricle (V3 and V4) • Leads = High lateral (I and AVL) Low lateral left ventricle (V5 and V6) |
ECG changes associated with an acute MI (Injury) | ST segment elevation |
ST segment elevation in lead I and III considered | Nondiagnostic |
The preferred access for medications in the arrest is a large peripheral vein such as the antecubital. If unable to obtain a peripheral access, the next most preferred route | Intraosseous (IO) |
What the team leader should do to avoid inefficiencies during resuscitation | Clearly delegate tasks |
Team leader instructs a team member to give 0.5 mg of Atropine, to which the team member responds with "I’ll draw up 0.5 mg of Atropine." This type of communication is called | Closed-loop communication |
Action the team leader or other team members should do if a team member is about to make a mistake during resuscitation attempt | Address the team member immediately |
The action that a Team Member is responsible to perform they feel they are unable to perform an assigned task because it is beyond the team member’s scope of practice | Ask for a new task or role |
Action required by the Team Member Team member if they are uncertain if the correct amount of amiodarone was order by team leader, so the team member because of noise or other distractions | Should repeat the order and ask for verification |
Medical Emergency Teams (MET) or rapid response teams (RRT) have demonstrated the reduction of cardiac arrest in the inpatient environment. The primary purpose of a MET or RRT | Improving patient outcomes by identifying and treating early clinical deterioration |
Conditions where resuscitation efforts should be withheld | • There is a perceived safety threat to the provider • Signs of irreversible death (e.g., decapitation, rigor mortis, or decomposition) are present • If the patient has a medical directive excluding advanced cardiac life support techniques. |
ST elevation in V1 through V4 | Anterior MI (anteroseptal) |
ST depression in V1 through V4 | Potential Posterior MI |
Considerations with return of spontaneous circulation | • Ventilation and Vital Signs • Oxygenation • Medications • IV access, IV fluid administration • Therapeutic interventions (Induction of hypothermia, 12-Lead ECG, Chest x-ray |
Ventricular Fibrillation | |
Complete Heart Block | |
2nd Degree AV Block Type II | |
SVT | |
Monomorphic V-Tach | |
Torsades de Pointes | |
Antidote Tricyclic Overdose | Sodium Bicarb |
Dose of Sodium Bicarb in an arrest | 1 meq/Kg |
Management hyperkalemia in the emergency | • Sodium Bicarb • Insulin and D50% • Calcium Chloride |
ECG changes associated with hyperkalemia | • Tall peaked T waves • Wide QRS |
ECG changes associated with hypokalemia | • Flat T waves • U wave |
Antidote for opioid overdose | • Narcan |
Antidote for benzodiazepines | • Flumazenil |
Antidote for digoxin toxicity | • Digibind |
Antidote for organophosphate poisoning | • Atropine • Pralidoxime (2 PAM) |
Asystole | |
Sinus Brady | |
Wenchebache | |
Atrial Fibrillation | |
Atrial Flutter |
FAQs
How many questions are on the ACLS pretest? ›
ACLS Pretest
The practice test consists of 10 multiple-choice questions that are derived from the ACLS Study Guide and adhere to the latest ILCOR and ECC guidelines.
ECG Analysis
4. This pre-test is exactly the same as the pretest on the ACLS Provider manual CD. This paper version can be completed in place of the CD version if you wish.
The ACLS Precourse Self-Assessment is an online tool that evaluates a student's knowledge in 3 sections: rhythm recognition, pharmacology, and practical application.
What are the 3 signs of clinical deterioration? ›The early signs of deterioration include changes in respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and conscious/mental status which may go unrecognised.
Is the ACLS test hard? ›Aside from my own experience, I often ask nurses what is was that made ACLS so difficult. Reasons why nurses find the ACLS course difficult include: The EKG Interpretation portion of Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. Testing for a class that is hardly utilized in a specific field.
Is ACLS written exam open book? ›Yes, there is a written test at the end of the ACLS class. It is 50 questions. You may use your book for reference, i.e. open book.
How do I pass ACLS online? ›- Review ACLS Case Scenarios. ...
- Memorize the ACLS Algorithms. ...
- Memorize Meds and Proper Dosages. ...
- Know Your H's and T's. ...
- Understand Basic Electrocardiography. ...
- Take Multiple Practice Exams. ...
- Skip the Hard Questions at First. ...
- Take Your Time.
Q: What are the course completion requirements for ACLS? A: For successful course completion, students must demonstrate skills competency in all learning stations, pass the CPR-AED skills test, bag-mask ventilation skills test, megacode test and pass the written test with a score of 84% or higher.
Is it possible to fail ACLS? ›What happens if you fail ACLS? If you don't pass the ACLS exam on your first try, you'll be able to retake the exam.
What happens if you fail ACLS skills test? ›You will be notified immediately whether you pass or fail the exam. If you don't pass on your first attempt, you can retake the test as many times as needed until you earn a passing score. You will need to achieve a score of 80% or higher to pass the exam.
Can you fail ACLS online? ›
That is one of the biggest draws of certifying or recertifying your credentials online. What happens if I do not pass the course exam? In most cases, if you fail your exam, most websites will allow you to retake it. In fact, quite a few will offer you an unlimited amount of times to take the test.
Can I retake ACLS pretest? ›There is no limit to the number of times the student can take the Precourse Self-Assessment. This certificate must be presented to the ACLS Course Director before a student can take an ACLS Provider Course along with the Pre-Course Work Certificate of Completion.
What are the six essential actions in the initial management of the deteriorating patient? ›There are six initial nursing actions that should be taken when responding to clinical deterioration. These include A-Call for Help, B-Collect More Data, C-Patient Positioning, D-Oxygen Therapy, E-Prepare for RRS/MET and F-Handover. Use the emergency call button in the patient's room to alert others that you need help.
What are the signs of a declining patient? ›Common presenting complaints-headache, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, loss of concentration, disorientation, irritability, memory loss. Changes in neurological state can be rapid and dramatic or subtle, developing over minutes, hours days, weeks or even longer.
What is the most sensitive indicator of clinical deterioration? ›Respiratory rate changes, specifically tachypnoea is the most sensitive and specific indicator of clinical deterioration so should be measured frequently and accurately.
How many times can you retake ACLS test? ›You will receive 3 attempts for each course. After each attempt, you will receive an exam scoring report showing any incorrect answers. If you fail 3 times, you will need to retake the course.
How do you memorize ACLS algorithms? ›The best way to remember ACLS algorithms is by using the material you have studied in class to handle practical ACLS scenarios. It is advisable to use half of your study time to physically play out scenarios and go through the motions.
How many times can you take the ACLS online exam? ›You may take the exam as many times as needed to pass.
How many pages is the ACLS book? ›Full-color softcover, 208 pages, 8 1/2" x 11", plus the ACLS Precourse Preparation Checklist Card and the 2-card Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Pocket Reference Card Set.
How long do you need to study for ACLS? ›The ACLS ILT Full Course is approximately 15 hours and 20 minutes with breaks and lunch.
How many pages is the ACLS provider manual? ›
Publisher | Aha; 16th edition (January 1, 2016) |
---|---|
Language | English |
Paperback | 208 pages |
ISBN-10 | 1616694009 |
ISBN-13 | 978-1616694005 |
While some employers may only be familiar with specific brands offering Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), accredited online ACLS courses are legitimate regardless of which company provides the training.
How long is the ACLS online portion? ›The online portion of HeartCode ACLS takes approximately 6 to 7 hours to complete, depending on the student's level of experience.
Do you need to study before ACLS class? ›YOU CAN'T PASS YOUR ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) without studying and memorizing the ACLS algorithms first. ACLS algorithms were designed to help medical professionals working with adult patients best understand how to implement ACLS protocols into practice during emergencies.
How long is the ACLS written exam? ›You can expect 50 multiple choice questions covering all nine algorithms. It takes about one hour to complete, and you need a score of at least 85 percent to pass.
Does ACLS override BLS? ›A: No, BLS is not included in AHA's ACLS courses. However, it is expected that healthcare providers taking an ACLS course come to class already proficient in BLS skills. However, the AHA has provided its Training Centers with sample agendas that allow BLS skills to be incorporated into advanced courses.
Can you fail Heartcode ACLS? ›Can I fail the Parts 2 and 3 skills course? The course allows you to retake each assessment as many times as needed to pass. Please note, you must complete your skills assessments within the AHA deadline of 60 days after completing Part 1. Once you pass, you can always return to the skills assessments to practice.
How long is the ACLS pre test? ›The ACLS Precourse self-assessment takes approximately 4 hours online. You can take breaks and finish the next day if you want.
How long is ACLS Precourse? ›ACLS Renewal and ACLS Initial Students are required to complete the Mandatory Precourse Assessment and Precourse Work. This section takes about 3-4 hours to complete and you cannot attend the course unless both are completed. If you are taking the ACLS Heartcode, you do not need to do this.
How long is the Precourse self assessment for ACLS? ›Although everyone is different, it usually takes about one hour. Once you pass it with at least a 70%, you will print it and present it to the instructor at the time of class.
What is the pass rate for ACLS? ›
The exact passing requirements will vary, depending on which online (or in-person) ACLS certification company you choose to work with. However, generally speaking, a passing score will be about 75 or 80 percent.
Can you retake ACLS precourse self assessment? ›ACLS Precourse Self-Assessment
Students are able to retake the Self-Assessment as many times as needed to achieve a passing score. The student must print, or take picture on their phone, of their successful completion bring it with them to class.
With 24/7 access to course materials and unlimited practice tests, you can complete your ACLS certification where and when you want online.
How many pages is ACLS? ›Full-color softcover, 208 pages, 8 1/2" x 11", plus the ACLS Precourse Preparation Checklist Card and the 2-card Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Pocket Reference Card Set.
How do I pass my ACLS for the first time? ›- Review ACLS Case Scenarios. ...
- Memorize the ACLS Algorithms. ...
- Memorize Meds and Proper Dosages. ...
- Know Your H's and T's. ...
- Understand Basic Electrocardiography. ...
- Take Multiple Practice Exams. ...
- Skip the Hard Questions at First. ...
- Take Your Time.
Practice, Practice, Practice
Just like the rest of your medical training, there is no substitute for practice. Your ACLS certification course should include access to several practice exams. You can also find free practice tests online. The more practice tests you can take before the real thing, the better.
With the new adaptive learning format, the timing for completing the online portion of HeartCode ACLS can vary depending on the student's level of experience. The hands-on session for HeartCode ACLS will take approximately 5 – 6 hours using either Option 1 or Option 2 HeartCode Agenda.